Calculator Inputs
Enter measured timing and distance first. Add elastic and pressure data for extra model comparisons.
Example Data Table
These examples are illustrative and help confirm expected calculator behavior.
| Segment | Distance | Transit Times | Average Time | Direct PWV | MK Estimate | BH Estimate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aortic Path A | 0.72 m | 64, 66, 65 ms | 65.00 ms | 11.08 m/s | 5.75 m/s | 9.26 m/s |
| Elastic Path B | 0.60 m | 78, 77, 80 ms | 78.33 ms | 7.66 m/s | 4.91 m/s | 7.88 m/s |
| Peripheral Path C | 0.48 m | 52, 54, 53 ms | 53.00 ms | 9.06 m/s | 5.38 m/s | 8.63 m/s |
Formula Used
1) Direct Transit-Time Method
PWV = Distance / Average Transit TimeThis is the core method. Distance is the measured pulse travel path, and average transit time is the mean of all valid timing replicates.
2) Average Transit Time
Average Transit Time = (t1 + t2 + t3 + ... ) / nMultiple timing entries reduce random error and improve repeatability.
3) Moens-Korteweg Estimate
PWVMK = √[(E × h) / (2 × ρ × r)]Here, E is effective wall modulus, h is wall thickness, ρ is fluid density, and r is lumen radius.
4) Bramwell-Hill Estimate
PWVBH = √[1 / (ρ × D)]Here, D is vessel distensibility in inverse pressure units.
5) Wave Frequency and Wavelength
Frequency = Heart Rate / 60 Wavelength = PWV / FrequencyWavelength shows how far the pulse front travels during one cycle.
6) Mean Arterial Pressure
MAP = Diastolic Pressure + (Pulse Pressure / 3)Pulse pressure is systolic minus diastolic pressure.
How to Use This Calculator
- Enter a segment name to identify the test case.
- Input the measured pulse travel distance and select its unit.
- Enter one to three transit times using a common time unit.
- Add blood density, then optional modulus, radius, thickness, and distensibility values for model comparisons.
- Enter optional blood pressure and heart rate values for derived metrics.
- Press the calculate button. The results appear below the header and above the form.
- Review the table, compare methods, inspect the Plotly graph, and download CSV or PDF reports.
FAQs
1) What is pulse wave velocity?
Pulse wave velocity is the speed at which a pressure wave travels through a vessel. It links distance with measured transit time and is widely used in flow and stiffness analysis.
2) Which inputs are essential?
The calculator requires path distance, at least one transit time, and fluid density. All other inputs are optional and support additional estimates or derived outputs.
3) Why can I enter three transit times?
Repeated timing measurements reduce random error. The calculator averages valid entries and also reports standard deviation and coefficient of variation for consistency review.
4) What is the difference between the three PWV values?
Direct PWV uses measured distance and time. The Moens-Korteweg estimate uses wall stiffness and geometry. The Bramwell-Hill estimate uses density and distensibility. Comparing them helps judge model agreement.
5) Which units are accepted?
Distance supports meters, centimeters, and millimeters. Time supports seconds, milliseconds, and microseconds. The calculator automatically converts values into consistent SI units.
6) What does wavelength mean here?
Wavelength estimates how far one pulse cycle travels through the segment. It uses direct PWV and heart rate converted into frequency.
7) Can this page diagnose a medical condition?
No. This tool is best used for educational, research, and engineering-style calculations. Clinical interpretation needs proper acquisition methods, validated equipment, and professional judgment.
8) Why are CSV and PDF exports useful?
Exports make it easier to archive runs, share results, compare scenarios, and include calculations in reports, lab records, or teaching notes.