Analyze loading quickly with flexible engineering units. See stress, utilization, allowable limits, and comparisons instantly. Download tables and visualize changing stress trends with confidence.
| Case | Load | Area | Average Normal Stress | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel tie rod | 120 kN | 4,500 mm² | 26.667 MPa | Tension example using direct area. |
| Flat plate | 90 kN | 150 mm × 12 mm | 50.000 MPa | Rectangular section example. |
| Solid bar | 75 kN | Diameter 40 mm | 59.683 MPa | Circular section example. |
| Tube section | 140 kN | Do 80 mm, Di 40 mm | 37.136 MPa | Hollow section example. |
Average normal stress: σ = F / A
Rectangular area: A = b × t
Solid circular area: A = πd² / 4
Hollow circular area: A = π(D² − d²) / 4
Utilization ratio: r = |σ| / σallowable
Average normal stress is the axial load divided by the cross-sectional area resisting that load. Tension is shown as positive, while compression is shown as negative.
When allowable stress is entered, the calculator also checks whether the computed stress magnitude stays within the permitted limit.
Average normal stress is the axial force divided by the resisting cross-sectional area. It represents how intensely a member is loaded in tension or compression.
It uses σ = F / A. If you choose a geometric section, the tool first calculates area, then divides the applied axial load by that area.
A negative sign follows the usual sign convention for compression. Tension is positive because it pulls outward, while compression pushes inward on the section.
Yes. You can enter area directly or let the tool calculate area from rectangular, solid circular, or hollow circular dimensions.
You can use common force, area, dimension, and stress units, including N, kN, MN, lbf, kip, mm², cm², m², in², psi, and MPa.
Use the area that actually resists the load. If holes, cuts, or threads reduce the section, net area usually gives the safer estimate.
Utilization ratio compares stress magnitude to allowable stress. A value below 1 means the member remains within the entered limit.
Reduce the load, increase the resisting area, change the section shape, or select a stronger material after checking your design criteria.
Important Note: All the Calculators listed in this site are for educational purpose only and we do not guarentee the accuracy of results. Please do consult with other sources as well.